Kurahaupo Iwi Near Agreement in Principle with Crown

Kurahaupo iwi claimants on the steps of Parliament

Kurahaupo iwi claimants on the steps of ParliamentThe Kurahaupo iwi of the northern South Island (Rangitane, Ngati Kuia and Ngati Apa) presented extensive historical evidence to the Waitangi Tribunal during a claims hearing process which commenced in August 2000 and concluded in March 2004. The claims mainly concerned Crown land purchasing in the 1850s, which rendered the tribes almost landless.

In order to assist the Kurahaupo iwi (and other northern South Island tribes) in more speedily negotiating claim settlements with the Crown, the Tribunal released a series of three ‘staged’ reports – in March 2007, August 2007, and June 2008. Virtually all of the Kurahaupo claims were upheld by the Tribunal.

This ‘staged’ release of reports, and the Tribunal’s comprehensive findings, greatly aided the negotiation process, and the Kurahaupo iwi are now approaching an Agreement in Principle (AIP) with the Crown. HistoryWorks Director David Armstrong, who was raised in Nelson and has a particular association with the region, presented extensive evidence to the Tribunal on behalf of Rangitane and Ngati Apa during the Tribunal hearing process, and more recently has acted as an advisor to the Kurahaupo iwi in their negotiations with the Crown. [Added 17 December 2008]

(Photo caption: Kurahaupo iwi representatives and their advisors, including David Armstrong, back row, left, gather at on the steps of Parliament on 24 April 2008, in preparation for their meeting with the Hon. Michael Cullen).

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The Beating Heart – A New History of Te Arawa

The Beating Heart book cover

The Beating Heart book coverThe Beating Heart: A Political and Socio-Economic History of Te Arawa, authored by HistoryWorks Directors David Armstrong and Dr Vincent O’Malley was recently released.  The  book, published by Huia, details the determined efforts of Te Arawa iwi to work with the Crown and settlers to pursue a mutually advantageous relationship under the Treaty of Waitangi while at the same time maintaining their autonomy, culture, and control over their land and resources.

While the ultimate outcomes were often calamitous for Te Arawa, the underlying theme of the book is highly positive. The tribes never ceased to struggled for a genuinely bicultural future. The book tells the story of the survival and resurgence of a dynamic people under circumstances that were often extreme and, as such, reflects the experiences of many other tribes in New Zealand today. The Beating Heart will be formally launched on a Te Arawa marae in February 2009. [Added 17 December 2008]

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CNI Report Released

The Waitangi Tribunal recently released the first volume of its report covering the huge Central North Island (CNI) claim area. More than 120 claims from the Taupo, Kaingaroa and Rotorua inquiry districts were considered by the Tribunal, and the first part of its report, intended to be released progressively over the coming months, examines a grievance common to many of these: the Crown’s failure to respect and protect te tino rangatiratanga of the CNI hapu and iwi.

In the Tribunal’s view, the loss of authority which followed resulted in the social and economic marginalisation of Maori for generations to come. HistoryWorks Directors Bruce Stirling, David Armstrong and Dr Vincent O’Malley all presented multiple submissions to the CNI Tribunal on behalf of claimants. The report is available from the Waitangi Tribunal website. (See our links page). [Added 17 July 2007]

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HistoryWorks Director Receives LLB Degree

David Armstrong in gown, mortar board

David Armstrong in gown, mortar boardHistoryWorks Directors are fully committed to increasing and developing their professional expertise in order to provide enhanced client services. This was demonstrated recently when HistoryWorks Director David Armstrong received his Bachelor of Laws Degree at a Victoria University graduation ceremony in May, 2007.

David studied part time over the past five years. His focus was on Maori land law, indigenous rights and Treaty of Waitangi issues. David found the study demanding,  but has benefited from an enhanced knowledge of the law and legal processes, as well as the intellectual disciplines and rigour inherent in the study of law. [Added 17 July 2007]

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HistoryWorks Director Attends Privy Council

NgatiApaIn early July 2006 HistoryWorks Director David Armstrong attended the Privy Council in London as a guest of the Ngati Apa Ki Te Waipounamu Trust. Mr Armstrong has provided research assistance to Ngati Apa since 1997, and presented extensive evidence for the iwi during their Waitangi Tribunal claims in 2003.

(Photo caption: David Armstrong (left), with Ngati Apa counsel Quentin Davies (centre) and R. D. Crosby outside the Privy Council (counsel were not required to wear wigs and gowns during the proceedings, but donned them later for photographs).

The Privy Council case involved an administrative law issue relating to a Maori Appellate Court decision in 1990. The Appellate Court determined that the northern boundary of the Ngai Tahu iwi on the West Coast of the South Island was at Kahurangi Point. Ngati Apa claim that the boundary is much further south – at the Paparoa Rangessouth of Westport (Kawatiri).

After the 1990 Appellate Court decision Ngati Apa embarked on a lengthy appeal process, which finally led them to the Privy Council last year. HistoryWorks understands that this may have been the last civil case to come before the Privy Council, making it an even more notable event.

The issue before the Law Lords was whether Ngati Apa had been represented at the 1990 Appellate Court. Ngati Apa insisted that they had not been represented, while Ngai Tahu argued to the contrary. The decision, released in October 2006, went against Ngati Apa. The iwi were greatly disappointed by this outcome, and now await the release of the Northern South Island Waitangi Tribunal Report (scheduled for late 2007), which may provide some support for their claims. The iwi remain adamant that the historical evidence supports their claims to customary interests south of Kahurangi.

The Privy Council sat in its Downing Street chambers – a few doors down from No. 10. Mr Armstrong notes that the atmosphere was remarkably informal, with a lack of wigs and gowns perhaps encouraged by 40 degree temperatures. Nevertheless, the extended and close questioning by Britain’s preeminent legal minds clearly provided a stern and perhaps intimidating test for all the counsel involved. [Added 11 February 2007]

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HistoryWorks Turns Two

HistoryWorks recently marked its second anniversary. Formed in June 2004, the company has since completed over 80 separate projects for a wide range of clients, ranging from iwi and hapū organisations, Treaty sector agencies, heritage organisations, the tertiary sector, government departments, publishers, museums and others.

In this time HistoryWorks has engaged the services of more than 20 separate contractors, quickly establishing itself as the largest private sector provider of historical research expertise in Aotearoa/New Zealand and a premier deliverer of culturally-grounded mapping services to Māori and others.

Offering integrated historical research and mapping services, HistoryWorks has been able to offer comprehensive solutions to our clients. We look forward to another productive and challenging year or two ahead. [Added 11 July 2006]

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Northern South Island  (Te Tau Ihu)

Lengthy Waitangi Tribunal hearings into the Northern South Island claims concluded in early 2004. The claims involved eight separate iwi and covered a vast area north of the Buller River on the West Coast and the Clarence River on the east coast. Each iwi was afforded the opportunity to present its claims in a series of intensive week-long hearings in Nelson, Blenheim, Motueka, and Takaka.

The claims focused on the nature and extent of overlapping customary rights, New Zealand Company claims, Crown purchases and the actions of the Native Land Court in the nineteenth century.

A Tribunal report on the claims is expected in 2006. Ngai Tahu claims were reported on by the Tribunal in 1991, and the conclusion of this inquiry thus marks the end of Waitangi Tribunal hearings in the South Island, at least as far as historical claims are concerned.

HistoryWorks director David Armstrong was fully involved in this hearing process, and presented extensive evidence on behalf of two Northern South Island iwi  – Ngati Apa and Rangitane.
[Added 12 October 2005]

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Historians in the Negotiation Process

In the past the involvement of historians working for claimant groups tended to cease when the Waitangi Tribunal inquiry ended. Although Crown historians have always been fully involved in the negotiation process, claimants and their lawyers generally entered into negotiations with the Crown armed with either a Tribunal report, or evidence prepared for them as part of the hearing process.

That trend is now being reversed, and claimants are increasingly seeking the assistance of historians in the negotiation process, especially in developing agreed statements of historical facts, composing recitals (the Crown apology), and in the identification and mapping of particular wahi tapu (sacred places) and other sites of significance which require protection or recognition.

HistoryWorks directors Dr Vincent O’Malley, David Armstrong and Moka Apiti have all recently been involved in assisting claimants in various aspects of the negotiation process, and have developed particular expertise in the mapping and identification of wahi tapu sites of significance. [Added 12 October 2005]

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Tangata Pasifika

A new book published this month by the University of Hawai’i Press considers the foundational texts in Pacific Islands history. Texts and Contexts: Reflections in Pacific Islands Historiography, edited by Doug Munro and Brij V. Lal, focuses on 35 pioneering historical works published between 1938 and 1992.

HistoryWorks director Dr Vincent O’Malley contributed a chapter on two seminal works of New Zealand race relations history. Keith Sinclair’s, The Origins of the Maori Wars, first published in 1957, constituted a major breakthrough in the writing of New Zealand history, while Alan Ward’s, A Show of Justice (1974), remains the standard reference work on nineteenth-century ‘native’  policy.

According to O’Malley, both works rank among a handful of the most important histories published in New Zealand – and both made significant contributions to the process of revisiting and exposing some of the more uncomfortable truths of the nation’s past. Texts and Contexts provides a timely reminder of previous paths travelled in writing the region’s past and a guide to those ahead. This is a book which is likely to become recognised as itself a foundational text in the historiography of the Pacific. [Added 12 October 2005]

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Indigenous Realities

The Indigenous Knowledges Conference held at Victoria University in June 2005 proved a hugely successful gathering. Directors of HistoryWorks Ltd were in attendance throughout the four-day gathering in their capacity as sponsors of the conference.

Moka Apiti, Mapping Director and member of the conference organising committee, also accompanied about 20 conference delegates who began the conference with a hikoi from Auckland down to Wellington, including a two-day noho marae at Ngati Whare’s Murumurunga marae at Te Whaiti, on the fringes of the Urewera National Park. The hikoi, intended to provide an insight into the day-to-day issues confronting local Maori communities, proved hugely popular with international and some local delegates.

Among their number was Erykah Kyle, who as a keynote speaker at the conference proper, provided a riveting and impassioned insight into the problems confronting her own Aboriginal community on Palm Island. In 1974 Amnesty International described conditions on Palm Island as akin to those of a concentration camp. Her sobering message to the conference was that little appeared to have changed in the past thirty years and that little would change until Aboriginal people were properly empowered and resourced to manage their own affairs. [Added 12 October 2005]

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